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Examples of Citing References Using APA format

IN TEXT:

At the end of a statement, authors should be cited in parentheses, as follows (note the location of the punctuation marks):

One author:

Exercise is good for the body (Smith, 1971).

Two authors:

Exercise is good for the body (Smith and Jones, 1971).

More than two authors:

Exercise is good for the body (Smith et al., 1971).

At the beginning of a statement, or within a statement the author’s name(s) is/are cited within the text and the year in parentheses as follows:

One author:

Smith (1971) reports that exercise is good for the body.

Two authors:

Smith and Jones (1971) report that exercise is good for the body.

More than two authors:

Smith et al. (1971) report that exercise is good for the body.

IN REFERENCE LIST:

References should be alphabetized by the authors’ last names.

Research article, one author:

Shapiro, R. (1978). Direct linear transformation method for three-dimensional cinematography. Research Quarterly, 49, 197-205.

Research article, two authors:

Kane, M.J., & Snyder, E. (1989). Sport typing: The social “containment” of women. Arena Review, 13, 77-96.

Research Article, more than two authors:

Lerda, R., Cardelli, C., & Chollet, D. (2001). Analysis of the interactions between breathing and arm actions in the front crawl. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 40, 129-144.

Chapter in a book:

Clarys, J. (1979). Human morphology and hydrodynamics. In J. Terauds (Ed.), Swimming Science III (pp. 3-41). Baltimore, MD: University Park Press

Book.

Costill, D.L., Maglischo, B.W., & Richardson, A.B. (1992). Swimming. London: Blackwell Scientific Publication.